The Leopard’s Legacy: The Symbolism and History of the Kongo Tradition

The story of the Leopard in Kongo tradition”Ngo” is a Kikongo name meaning leopard, which gave rise to the name of the Kongo kingdom (Leopard kingdom), now known as Congo. Central to the history of the country and the lives of the Congolese, the leopard represents much more than just an emblem and national symbol.The etymology of “Kongo” means “ally of the leopard,” derived from “ko-ngo.” It includes the myth of the leopard chief, the protector of the realm. In times of serious danger, people would seek refuge with him, saying “Tuele ku Ngo,” which translates to “We are going to the Leopard” in Kikongo. The phrase “ku Ngo” eventually led to the name Congo.The leopard, considered a cunning animal since ancient times, has a sacred status in Bantu tradition due to its beautiful, dream-inspiring skin. Leopard skins are used to crown customary chiefs, symbolizing power and authority. This symbolism is deeply rooted in the subconscious of the Bantu people.In Kasai, high-ranking chiefs are called “mukalenga wa nkashama,” meaning “mother leopard” or “leopard belly.” In the Otetela family, the chief receives several items related to the sacred animal upon inauguration: two leopard skins, a leopard skin hat, a necklace made of leopard teeth, and a spear, all to legitimize his authority. The leopard skin hairstyle is one of the most important and solemn symbols of traditional power in Bantu society, passed down by deceased ancestors.